Enable or Install Group Policy Editor on Windows 10/11 Home

Normally you can’t run the Group Policy Editor on Windows Home editions. But there is a way to enable it.

First, open up a Command Prompt (Not Terminal) as Administrator

Open Command Prompt as Administrator

Now copy and paste each of the commands.

FOR %F IN ("%SystemRoot%\servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-GroupPolicy-ClientTools-Package~*.mum") DO (DISM /Online /NoRestart /Add-Package:"%F")
FOR %F IN ("%SystemRoot%\servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-GroupPolicy-ClientExtensions-Package~*.mum") DO (DISM /Online /NoRestart /Add-Package:"%F")

Now we can launch Group Policy Editor by typing in the following

gpedit.msc
Group Policy Editor on Windows Home

More details can be found at the following sites

https://linustechtips.com/topic/1482968-windows-doesn%E2%80%99t-suck-microsoft-just-wants-you-to-think-so%E2%80%A6/#comment-15762053

https://www.itechtics.com/enable-gpedit-msc-windows-11/

Disable Telemetry on Windows 10/11

If you are on Windows Home, you will need to enable the Group Policy Editor
Enable Group Policy Editor on Windows 10 or 11

Open up gpedit.msc

Computer Configuration -> Windows Components -> Data Collection and Preview Builds -> Allow Diagnostic Data

Windows Group Policy Editor – Disable Telemetry

Double click on Allow Diagnostic Data to bring up the window. Set it to Enabled, and then under Options, set Diagnostic data off

Hit Apply and your good to go.

Peertube – Change Video Settings/Channels from Command Line

Since Peertube uses a Postgres database, we can log in and manually do bulk changes to videos. Things like updating a channel ID, Category, or Privacy can all be easily changed and it is easy to do bulk changes.

Access the Database

Login as the peertube user via ssh

ssh peertube@peertube-ip

Connect to postgres

psql peertube_prod

View videos

select * from video;

There is a bit much information, lets clean it up a bit

select name,category,id,"channelId" from video;

View all the channels. The id field is the channelId that is used in the above video table.

select id,name from "videoChannel";

Change video channel

update video set "channelId" = 100 where id = 123;

Replace 100 with the actual channelId and 123 with the id of the video. Can use the above commands to find that info.

Change Privacy Settings

The privacy settings are what determine if a video is Public, Private etc.

The following command can update the privacy setting for a video

update video set privacy = 3 where id = 101;

There are 4 privacy settings. Change 3 to one of the following.

1 = Public
2 = Unlisted
3 = Private
4 = Internal

Change 101 to the video id you want to change.

You can change the privacy settings for all videos in a channel with something like the following

update video set privacy = 4 where "channelId" = 100;

What is 802.11R (Fast Roaming, Fast Transition, FT PSK)

Fast BSS Transition is a method for a device to seamlessly move between Basic Service Set (BSS) AKA a Wireless AP’s, inside of an Extended Service Set (ESS) AKA, WLAN deployment.

This can help prevent Voip calls from dropping while someone is walking across campus or between buildings.

FT PSK is a Password option for Cisco equipment.

Some more resources for learning more.

https://evanmccann.net/blog/2021/11/unifi-advanced-wi-fi-settings

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/technotes/80211r-ft/b-80211r-dg.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11r-2008

What is Cisco VTY?

vty stands for Virtual Teletype. What is Teletype?

The teletype, or teleprinter, is a device used for communicating text over telegraph lines, public switched telephone network, Telex, radio, or satellite links.

Wikipedia explanation of teletype

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter

This means vty is essentially like a virtual computer screen plugged into the router that we can remotely access.

Both SSH and Telnet use this virtual monitor to let you see the router/switch.

The command

line vty 0 4

Configures 5 of these virtual teletypes (vty’s) for us to use. Can think of it having 5 monitors connected to the router. When you SSH to it, you are claiming one of these monitors. Cisco devices support up to a maximum of 16. 0-15

RSTP Alternative Port vs Backup Port

The following is some basic info on STP and RSTP. This list is not comprehensive. Refer to the link at the bottom of the page for more in depth details.

RSTP Priority

Default Priority is 32768 + VLAN ID

For example, if we are using vlan 10, then our default priority is 32768 + 10 = 32778

RSTP Priority can be set from 0 – 61440 in increments of 4096.

RSTP Port Roles

Ports can fill 1 of 4 roles.

Port RoleDescription
Root PortPort closest to the Root Bridge (Switches going to the Root switch)
Designated PortPorts going away from the Root Bridge (To clients)
Alternate PortA “backup” port for the Root port. If the Root Port fails, this port takes over
Backup PortEssentially a backup port for the designated port
RSTP Port Roles

RSTP Port States

A port can be in one of 3 states. Well technically 4 states if you include down/unplugged.

Port StateDescription
DiscardingPort discards packets (Alternate and Backup Ports)
LearningPort learns MACs and doesn’t forward data
ForwardingPort forwards data and learns MACs
RSTP Port States

RSTP Port Types

There are 3 port Types. Not to be confused with port States or Roles.

Port TypeDescription
Point to PointSwitch to Switch
Point to Point EdgeEdge of Network. Connected to a PC, Printer etc.
SharedHalf Duplex, Port connected to a Hub
STP/RSTP Port Types

RSTP Timers

There are three RSTP timers. STP has the same timers, but the MaxAge is 10 seconds, and the Forward Delay is used for both Learning and Listening states which takes a total of 30 seconds to complete.

Timer NameDefault ValueDescription
Hello Timer2 SecondsTime between Hellos created by Root
MaxAge6 Seconds (Hello Timer * 3)How long a Switch should wait before trying to readjust the network
Forward Delay15 SecondsDelay used for Learning/Listening in STP. Shouldn’t be necessary if legacy bridges are not used.
RSTP/STP Timers

Port Cost

There are technically two types of cost. The newer cost values were introduced so we could use faster ethernet speeds.

By default Cisco switches use the old cost values, but they can be changed to use the new ones.

spanning-tree pathcost method long
Ethernet SpeedOld CostNew Cost
10 Mbps1002,000,000
100 Mbps19200,000
1 Gbps420,000
10 Gbps22000
100 GbpsN/A200
1 TbpsN/A20
STP/RSTP Path Cost

More information can be found at the following link.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/24062-146.html

Named Error “option ‘dnssec-enable’ no longer exists”

After a recent update, the named service stopped working. When manually trying to restart the service it would just fail.

Running the named-checkconf command

sudo /usr/bin/named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf

Returned the following error.

/etc/named.conf:37: option 'dnssec-enable' no longer exists

Looks like what happened is they removed the dnssec-option, but enabled it by default

The dnssec-enable option has been obsoleted and no longer has any effect. DNSSEC responses are always enabled if signatures and other DNSSEC data are present. [GL #866]

https://bind9.readthedocs.io/en/v9_16/notes.html#id118

So the option is invalid now and not needed.

To fix the issue, simply open up the /etc/named.conf file and delete the line that has ‘dnssec-enable’