Category Archives: Command Line

How to Reset a Windows Password

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There are multiple ways to reset windows passwords.  This one replaces the sticky key program with a command prompt from which you can change the password.

To reset the forgotten windows password, follow these steps:

  1. Boot from a Windows setup DVD.  Any setup DVD should work.  Access the command prompt.
  2. Find the drive letter of the partition where Windows is installed.  In Vista, Windows 8 and XP, it is usually C:, I have read that in Windows 7, it is D: I am not sure which one it is.  In most cases because the first partition contains Startup Repair.  To find the drive letter, type C: (or D:, respectively) and search for the Windows folder.
  3. Type the following command (replace “c:” with the correct drive letter if Windows is not located on C:):
    copy c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe c:\
    This creates a copy of sethc.exe to restore later.
  4. Type this command to replace sethc.exe with cmd.exe: copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe
  5. Reboot your computer and start the Windows installation where you forgot the administrator password.
  6. After you see the logon screen, press the SHIFT key five times.
  7. You should see a command prompt where you can enter the following command to reset the Windows password:net user your_user_name new_password

    If you don’t know your user name, just type net user to list the available user names.

  8. You can now log on with the new password.

 

I recommend that you replace sethc.exe with the copy you stored in the root folder of your system drive in step 3.  For this, you have to boot up again with Windows setup DVD because you can’t replace system files while the Windows installation is online.  Then you have to enter this command:

copy /y c:\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe

You are now finished.

Vim Commands Cheat Sheet

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This is a Vim (Vi IMproved) cheat sheet, listing some useful, essential and most often used Vim commands.  Most of the information was acquired here.

Vi is a command line text editor.  To use it, from command line type in vi followed by the file name you want to edit.

Example:

vi filename.txt

 

Working with files
Vim command Action
:e filename Open a new file. You can use the Tab key for automatic file name completion, just like at the shell command prompt.
:w filename Save changes to a file. If you don’t specify a file name, Vim saves as the file name you were editing. For saving the file under a different name, specify the file name.
:q Quit Vim. If you have unsaved changes, Vim refuses to exit.
:q! Exit Vim without saving changes.
:wq Write the file and exit.
:x Almost the same as :wq, write the file and exit if you’ve made changes to the file. If you haven’t made any changes to the file, Vim exits without writing the file.
These Vim commands and keys work both in command mode and visual mode.
Vim command Action
j or Up Arrow Move the cursor up one line.
k or Down Arrow Down one line.
h or Left Arrow Left one character.
l or Right Arrow Right one character.
e To the end of a word.
E To the end of a whitespace-delimited word.
b To the beginning of a word.
B To the beginning of a whitespace-delimited word.
0 To the beginning of a line.
^ To the first non-whitespace character of a line.
$ To the end of a line.
H To the first line of the screen.
M To the middle line of the screen.
L To the the last line of the screen.
:n Jump to line number n. For example, to jump to line 42, you’d type :42
Inserting and overwriting text
Vim command Action
i Insert before cursor.
I Insert to the start of the current line.
a Append after cursor.
A Append to the end of the current line.
o Open a new line below and insert.
O Open a new line above and insert.
C Change the rest of the current line.
r Overwrite one character. After overwriting the single character, go back to command mode.
R Enter insert mode but replace characters rather than inserting.
The ESC key Exit insert/overwrite mode and go back to command mode.
Deleting text
Vim command Action
x Delete characters under the cursor.
X Delete characters before the cursor.
dd or :d Delete the current line.
Entering visual mode
Vim command Action
v Start highlighting characters. Use the normal movement keys and commands to select text for highlighting.
V Start highlighting lines.
The ESC key Exit visual mode and return to command mode.
Editing blocks of text
Note: the Vim commands marked with (V) work in visual mode, when you’ve selected some text. The other commands work in the command mode, when you haven’t selected any text.
Vim command Action
~ Change the case of characters. This works both in visual and command mode. In visual mode, change the case of highlighted characters. In command mode, change the case of the character uder cursor.
> (V) Shift right (indent).
< (V) Shift left (de-indent).
c (V) Change the highlighted text.
y (V) Yank the highlighted text. In Windows terms, “copy the selected text to clipboard.”
d (V) Delete the highlighted text. In Windows terms, “cut the selected text to clipboard.”
yy or :y or Y Yank the current line. You don’t need to highlight it first.
dd or :d Delete the current line. Again, you don’t need to highlight it first.
p Put the text you yanked or deleted. In Windows terms, “paste the contents of the clipboard”. Put characters after the cursor. Put lines below the current line.
P Put characters before the cursor. Put lines above the current line.
Undo and redo
Vim command Action
u Undo the last action.
U Undo all the latest changes that were made to the current line.
Ctrl + r Redo.
Vim command Action
/pattern Search the file for pattern.
n Scan for next search match in the same direction.
N Scan for next search match but opposite direction.

Editor Commands

All these commands can be added to your vimrc file so they are always available when you  start vim.  To use them while in the editor, hit “esc then :”.

Enable Colorsheme (you can replace “default” with any of the themes installed. i.e. delek, elflord, evening, etc.)

colorscheme default

Turn Syntax On/Off

syntax on
syntax off

Highlight searched word

Note: you can also use # and * to search for the word your cursor is on.

Enable

set hlsearch

Disable

nohlsearch
noh